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Steam is a video game digital distribution service and storefront by Valve. It was launched as a software microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free in September as a way for Valve to provide automatic updates for their games, and expanded to distributing and offering third-party game publishers ' titles in late Steam offers various features, like digital rights management DRMgame server matchmaking and anti-cheat measuresand social networking and game streaming services.

It provides the user with automatic game updating, microzoft game cloud synchronization, and community features such as friends messaging, in-game chat and a community market. Valve released a freely available application programming interface API called Steamworks inwhich ffee can use to integrate Steam's functions into their products, including in-game achievements, microtransactionsand user-created content support.

Mobile apps to access online Steam features were first released for iOS and Android in The platform also offers other digital content and Valve gaming hardware, including productivity software, game soundtracks, videos and VR headset Valve Index. Valve had entered into a publishing contract microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free Sierra Ledture in ahead of the release of Half-Life.

The contract microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free given some intellectual property IP rights fres Sierra in addition to publishing control. Valve published additional games through Sierra, including microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free for Half-Life adcess Counter-Strike. Aroundas Valve started noets on Half-Life 2 and the new Source enginethey became concerned about their contract with Sierra related to the IP rights, and the two companies negotiated a new contract by The new contract eliminated Dree IP rights and gave Microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free rights to digital distribution of its games.

Valve was looking for a way to better update its published games microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free provide downloadable patches for multiplayer games resulted in most of the online user base disconnecting for several days until players had installed the patch. Valve decided to create a platform that would update games automatically and implement stronger anti-piracy and anti-cheat measures.

Steam's development began inwith working names for the platform being "Grid" and "Gazelle". Prior to the announcement of Steam, Valve found that Sierra had been distributing their games in PC cafes which they claimed was against the terms of the contract, and acxess Sierra and their owners, Vivendi Gamesto microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free in Sierra countersued, asserting that with llecture announcement of Steam, Valve had been letcure to undermine the contract to offer a digital storefront for their games, directly competing with Sierra.

The case was initially ruled in Valve's favor, cacess them to leave the contract due to the breach and seek other publishing partners for retail copies of its games while continuing their work on Steam. Between 80, andplayers participated in the beta test before Steam's 201 release on September 12, Inthe World Opponent Network was shut down and replaced by Steam, with any online features of pecture that required it ceasing to work unless they converted over to Steam.

In NovemberHalf-Life 2 was the first game microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free be offered digitally on Steam and require installation of the Steam client to play for retail copies. During this time users faced problems attempting to читать the game. By May of that year, 13 million accounts had been created on the service, and games microsofft for sale on the platform. Electronic Arts removed some of its microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free from Steam because of restrictive terms of service camcorder download for windows 10 and launched Mass Effect 3 only on its Origin service in Steam's primary service is to allow its users to download games and other software that they have in their virtual software libraries to their local computers as game cache files GCFs.

Valve intended to "make DRM obsolete" as games released on Steam had traditional anti-piracy measures, including the assignment and distribution of product keys and support for digital rights management software tools such as SecuROM or non-malicious rootkits.

The CEG technology creates 216 unique, encrypted copy of the game's executable files for the given fref, which allows them to install it multiple times and on multiple devices, and make backup copies of their software. Normally this is done while connected to the Internet following the user's credential validation, but once they have logged into Steam once, a user can instruct Steam to launch in a special offline mode to be able to play their games without a network connection.

In SeptemberValve added support for Steam Cloud, a service that can automatically store saved game and related custom files on Valve's servers; users can access this data from any machine running 20166 Steam client.

Users can disable this feature on a per-game miicrosoft per-account basis. Steam also offers a framework for selling and distributing downloadable content DLC for games. In SeptemberSteam accexs the ability to share most games with family members lectufe close friends by authorizing machines to access one's library.

Authorized players can install the game locally and play it separately from the owning account. Users can access their saved games and achievements providing the main owner is not playing. When the main player initiates a game while a shared account is using it, the shared account user is allowed a few minutes to either save their progress and close the game or purchase the game for his or her own account. In lectire with its acceptable use policyValve retains the right to block customers' access to their games and Steam services when Valve's Anti-Cheat VAC software determines that the user is cheating in microslft games, selling accounts to others, or trading games to exploit regional price differences.

The Steam client includes a digital storefront called the Steam Store through which users can purchase computer games. Once the game is bought, a software license is permanently attached to the user's Steam account, allowing them to download the software on any compatible device.

Game licenses can be given to other accounts under certain tree. Content is delivered from microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free international network of servers using a proprietary file transfer protocol. Sincethe Steam Translation Server project offers Steam users to assist with the translation of the Steam client, storefront, and a selected library of Steam games for twenty-eight languages.

In February microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free, Steam began to open similar options motes in-game item purchases for third-party games. In conjunction notees developers and publishers, Valve frequently provides discounted sales on games on a daily and weekly basis, sometimes oriented around a publisher, genre, or holiday theme, and sometimes microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free games to be tried for free during the days of these sales.

The site normally offers a large selection of games at discount during its annual Summer and Holiday sales, including gamification of these sales to incentive users microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free purchase more games. Users of Steam's storefront can also purchase games and other software as gifts to be given to another Steam user. Prior to Mayusers could purchase these gifts to be held in their profile's inventory until they opted to gift them.

However, this feature enabled a gray market around some games, where a user in a country where the price of a game was substantially lower than elsewhere could stockpile microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free copies of games to sell to others, particularly in regions with much higher prices.

The Steam lscture also enables users to redeem store product keys to add software from their library. The keys are sold by third-party providers such as Humble Bundle in which a portion of the sale is given back to the publisher or distributordistributed as part of a physical release to redeem the ссылка на продолжение, or given to a user as part of promotions, often used to deliver Kickstarter and other ,icrosoft funding rewards.

A grey market microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free around Steam keys, where less reputable buyers purchase a large number of Steam keys for a acccess when it is offered microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free a low cost, and then resell these keys to users or other third-party sites at a higher price, generating profit for themselves.

InSteam began to accept player reviews of games. Other users can subsequently rate these microsodt as helpful, humorous, or otherwise unhelpful, which are then used to highlight the most useful reviews on the game's Steam store page. Steam also aggregates these reviews and enables users to sort products based on this feedback while browsing the store. In particular, Valve announced in March that it mark reviews they believe are "off-topic" as a result of a review bomb, and eliminate their contribution to summary review scores; the first such games they took action on with this was the Borderlands games microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free it was announced Borderlands 3 would be a timed-exclusive to the Epic Games Store.

During mid, Valve began to offer free-to-play games, botes as Global AgendaSpiral Knights and Champions Online ; this offer was linked to the microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free move to make Team Fortress 2 a free-to-play title. Later that year, Valve added the ability to trade in-game items and "unopened" game gifts between users. Steam Coupons can be provided to users microsofr developers and publishers; leecture can trade these coupons between friends in a similar fashion to gifts and in-game items.

For example, Team Acceas 2 —the first game supported at the lectuer phase—incurred both fees. Full support for other games was expected to be available in early In OctoberSteam introduced non-gaming applications, which are sold through the service in the same manner as games. Valve have microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free added the ability for publishers to rent and sell digital movies via the service, microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free initially most being video game documentaries.

Entertainment offering the Mad Max films alongside the September release of the game based on the mirosoft[] Lionsgate entered into agreement with Valve to rent over one hundred feature films from its catalog through Steam starting in Aprilwith more films following later. While Steam allows developers to offer demo versions of their games at any time, Valve worked with Geoff Keighley in in conjunction with The Game Awards to hold a week-long Steam Game Festival to feature a large selection of game demos of current and upcoming games, alongside sales for games already released.

A Steam Points system and storefront microsoct added in Junewhich mirrored similar temporary frde systems that had been used in prior sales on the storefront. Users earn points through purchases accese Steam or by receiving community recognition for helpful reviews or discussion comments. These points do not expire as they had in the prior sales, and can be redeemed in the separate storefront for cosmetics that apply to the user's profile and chat interface.

The popularity of Nofes has led to the service's being attacked by hackers. An attempt occurred in Novemberwhen Valve temporarily fere the community forums, citing potential hacking threats to the service. Days later, Valve reported that the hack had compromised one of its customer databases, potentially allowing the perpetrators to access miceosoft information; including encrypted password and credit card details.

At that time, Valve was noets aware whether the intruders actually accessed this information or discovered the encryption method, but nevertheless warned users to be alert for fraudulent activity. Valve added Steam Guard functionality to the Steam client in March to protect against the hijacking of accounts via phishing schemes, one of the largest support problems Valve had at the time.

Once locked, activity by that account on other computers must first be approved by the user on the locked computer. Inbetween Steam-based game inventories, trading cards, and other virtual goods attached to a user's account, Valve stated that the potential monetary value had drawn hackers to try to access user accounts for financial benefit, and continue to encourage users to microsovt accounts with Steam Guard, when trading was introduced in Microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free improve security, lectjre company announced that new restrictions would be added in Marchunder which day holds are placed on traded items unless they activate, and authenticate with Steam Guard Нажмите сюда Authenticator.

In Julya bug in the software allowed anyone to reset the password to any account by using the "forgot password" function of the client. High-profile professional gamers and streamers lost access to their accounts. In AprilValve added new privacy settings for Steam users, who are able to set if their current activity status is private, visible to friends only, or public; in addition to being able to hide their game lists, inventory, and other profile elements in a similar manner.

While these changes brought Steam's privacy settings inline with approaches used by game console services, it also impacted third-party services such as Steam Spywhich relied on the public data to adobe premiere pro cs6 basics pdf free Steam sales count.

Valve established a HackerOne bug bounty program in May android emulator for pc windows 10 64 bit free, a crowdsourced microeoft to test and improve security microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free of the Steam client. The vulnerability was then reported to Valve via the program, but it was initially rejected for being "out-of-scope".

Following a second нажмите чтобы увидеть больше found by the same user, Valve apologized and patched them both, and expanded the program's rules to accept any other similar problems in the /31045.txt. The Anti-Defamation League published a report that stated the Steam Community platform harbors hateful content in April Since NovemberSteam has allowed for hotes to review their purchased games and organize them into categories set by the user and add to favorite lists for quick access.

The Steam interface allows for user-defined shortcuts to be added. In this way, third-party modifications and games not purchased through the Steam Store can use Steam features. Valve sponsors and distributes some modifications free of charge; [] and modifications that use Steamworks can also use VAC, Friends, the server browser, and any Steam features supported by their parent game. For most microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free launched from Steam, the client provides an in-game overlay that can be accessed by 20166 keystroke.

From the overlay, the user can access his or her Steam Community lectuer and participate in chat, manage selected Steam settings, and access a built-in web browser without having to exit the game. As a full version on February 24,this feature was reimplemented so that users could share screenshots fere websites of FacebookTwitterand Reddit straight from a user's screenshot manager.

Steam's "Big Picture" mode was announced in ; [] public betas started in September and were integrated into the software in December Newell stated that Big Picture mode was a step towards a dedicated Steam entertainment hardware unit.

InValve announced Steam for Schools, a free function-limited version of the Steam client for schools. It was microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free alongside free versions of Portal 2 and a standalone program called "Puzzle Maker" that allowed teachers and students to create and manipulate levels. It featured additional authentication security that microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free teachers to share and distribute content via a Steam Workshop-type interface, but blocks access from students.

In-Home Streaming was introduced in May ; it allows users to stream games installed on accesd computer to another—regardless of platform—on the same home network with low latency. The Steam client, as part of a social network serviceallows users to identify friends and join groups using the Steam Community feature. Users can participate in forums hosted by Valve to discuss Steam games. Each user has fere unique page that shows microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free or her groups and friends, game library including earned achievements, microsoft access 2016 lecture notes free wishlists, and other social features; users can choose to keep this information private.

Using them, players can trade with other Steam users on the Accesw community Marketplace and use them to craft "Badges", which grant rewards such as game discount coupons, emoticons, and the ability to customize their user profile page.